1960: The Scientific/Technological Developments

The technological development for 1960 were in fact that the games were first televised in the United States, so finally people had to opportunity to see their favorites and support their country in the Olympic games. Taped footage of the Games was flown to New York City at the end of each day and broadcast on the CBS television network in the United States and Eurovision provided live television broadcasts throughout Europe.

"Rome 1960 Olympic Games." Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2012. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/972452/Rome-1960-Olympic-Games>.


SOME OTHER TECHNOLOGIES

• Jacques Piccard and Don Walsh in the bathyscaph USS Trieste break a depth record when they descend to the bottom of Challenger Deep 35,820 feet (10,750 meters) below sea level in the Pacific Ocean
• France tests its first atomic bomb in Sahara and joins US, UK and USSR as Nuclear Power
• Over one hundred million television sets in use worldwide.
• Aluminum Cans used for the first time
• The MOT Test is introduced in Britain
• US Experimental rocket powered airplane travels at 2,200 MPH
• Xerox introduces the first Commercial Document reproduction Machine
• The United States launches the first weather satellite, TIROS-1.
• Dr Kazuo Hashimoto Invents the Ansafone sold in the USA as a
  Automatic Telephone Answering Machine

source: http://www.uca1960.com/class_custom6.cfm

1960: Cultural, artistic, Developments

There were a lot of cultural and artistic development in 1960 during the summer Olympics in Rome. Not only were African Americans such as Cassius Clay, and Wilma Rudolph allowed to participate in the Olympics, they also won a plethora of gold metals.



http://www.courier-journal.com/article/20100830/ALI/308300039/A-golden-moment-1960-Olympic-victory-launched-Muhammad-Ali-into-spotlight

Artistically, the television was being utilized in a very broad form, by broadcasting the events in Rome, to the United States.

The cold war continued to become colder as the two sides distrusted the other more and tried to influence other parts of the world. John Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson won the Presidency with one of the smallest margins in history ( 113,000 votes ) out of 68.3 million. The sexual revolution of the 60's had begun with the use of birth control pills and Hugh Hefner opening the first of his Playboy clubs in Chicago. The "Flintstones" is shown on television for the first time and movies this year include "The Magnificent Seven" and "Psycho" . Notable technical achievements include the invention of the Laser and a Heart Pacemaker. France tests its first atomic bomb and joins those countries with nuclear bomb technology. Notable names that appear in the limelight that year include "Cassius Clay" and "Sir Francis Chichester" . The US sends the first troops to Vietnam to support the French in the fight against communist North Vietnam.

OTHER CULTURAL EVENTS:

1960 was a HUGE year for America. John F. Kennedy won the presidential election, schools started to desegregate, and the civil rights movement began to kick off!

On February 1, the civil rights movement that would dominate much of the politics of the 1960s received a fresh impetus when four black college students sat down at a lunch counter reserved for whites at a Woolworth’s store in Greensboro, North Carolina, and asked for service. They were asked to leave and politely refused, thus ensuring their arrest. Sit-ins would soon become a popular form of protest in the 1960s. So would freedom rides, with black and white passengers riding side by side on interstate bus trips that ended in Southern depots, often with angry white mobs waiting for the “outside agitators” trying to integrate old Dixie.

Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King speech, 'Where Do We Go From Here':
http://www.writespirit.net/inspirational_talks/political/martin_luther_king_talks/where_do_we_go_from_here/index.html





JFK article:
http://learning.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/08/nov-8-1960-john-f-kennedy-elected-president/






JFK address civil rights VIDEO:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RWX_pjyIq-g




sources: http://www.uca1960.com/class_custom6.cfm
http://kclibrary.lonestar.edu/decade60.html

1960: The Eastern World

In the Eastern World, Rome was certainly coming to it's own. It was the first televised Olympics, and after dictators such as Mussolini, Rome was ready for the games.

Television, drugs, and sponsorship money were just breaking onto the scene, as well as the cold war was well underway. Although Germany competed as a unified team, the Berlin Wall was erected in the months following the Games.







ALSO:

Soviet tanks thunder into Prague in August 1968 to crush the short-lived Prague spring of fledgling democracy in Czechoslovakia. With over 600 000 troops occupying the country, the Czechs and Slovaks are powerless. One student, Jan Palach, burns himself to death in protest.

The Dutch government takes the initiative of submitting a draft paper advocating the revision of the Treaties of Rome and Paris through a convention setting up a single Council for the Communities and a European High Commission (fusion of the executives). The European Parliament and the two Commissions are consulted on this draft. The merger of the executives is not proceeded with at this point because of divergences between Member States on the scope of the reform.

source: http://europa.eu/about-eu/eu-history/1960-1969/index_en.htm

1960: The Western World

In the Western world the political nature was that of a thriving one. In the United States the civil rights movement was in effect, with leaders such as Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks and Malcolm X.

African Americans were also allowed to participate in the Olympic Games. Figures such as Wilma Rudolph and Cassius Clay became prominent figures in the 1960 Olympic games.

Wilma Rudolph became "the fastest woman in the world" and the first American woman to win three gold medals in one Olympics. She won the 100- and 200-meter races and anchored the U.S. team to victory in the 4 x 100-meter relay, breaking records along the way.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u-rFH2yo7T0

Cassius Clay competed in the light heavyweight division. Although he was only 18, he won all four of his fights and in the final he defeated three-time European champion Zbigniew Pietzykowski to win the gold metal. He is also famous for opposing the Vietnam War and saying:

Why should they ask me to put on a uniform and go 10,000 miles from home and drop bombs and bullets on Brown people in Vietnam while so-called Negro people in Louisville are treated like dogs and denied simple human rights? No I’m not going 10,000 miles from home to help murder and burn another poor nation simply to continue the domination of white slave masters of the darker people the world over. This is the day when such evils must come to an end. I have been warned that to take such a stand would cost me millions of dollars. But I have said it once and I will say it again. The real enemy of my people is here. I will not disgrace my religion, my people or myself by becoming a tool to enslave those who are fighting for their own justice, freedom and equality.

ALSO:

The Americans reassert their supremacy in space by landing a man on the moon in July 1969.

This moon landing newspaper article described the details of the moon mission, as well as the safety issues surrounding a human walk on the moon. Also detailed was the landing itself, how Armstrong safely piloted the vessel onto the lunar surface, which was dangerous. Another moon landing newspaper article described the television feed from the moon landing and how Americans were anxiously watching to see the first men walk on the moon. Although the images were shadowy and grainy, they were clear enough to cause excitement throughout the country.

Also reported in a moon landing newspaper article was the fact that the Soviet Luna 15 satellite was dropping its orbit closer to the moon and closer to the Americans' location on the moon. Scientists were reported as being confused as to the purpose of this maneuver. The Soviets simply wanted to be the first to bring lunar dust back to earth, since they were unable to put humans into space like the U.S. The moon landing newspaper article reported that time was running out for the Soviets to accomplish this goal. The Luna 15 was destined to a crash landing on the moon, however, just hours before Apollo 11 lifted off for home.

source: http://www.archives.com/genealogy/newspaper-genealogy-moon-landing.html

1960: Making Sporting History

The summer Olympics of 1960 was held in Rome. Rome finally got its chance to stage the Olympic Games, 54 years after Italy had to give up hosting the Games. The games saw a close union between sport and culture in the city on the banks of the Tiber with a rich historical past. The marble stadium, the Caracalla thermal baths, the Albano lake, the Constantine triumphal arch-- ancient surroundings for the Olympic competition. The Games in Rome were the last Games in which South Africa was allowed to participate for a period of 32 years until 1992-- as the International Olympic Committee could not tolerate the racist policies of the South African government.

Rome was a coming-out party for 18-year-old Louisville boxer Cassius Clay who won the Olympic light heavyweight crown. Sprinter Wilma Rudolph and swimmer Chris von Saltza each won three gold medals for the U.S. Rudolph, who was one of her father's 22 children and who couldn't walk without braces until she was nine, struck gold at 100 and 200 meters and anchored the winning 400-meter relay team. Von Saltza won the 400-meter freestyle, placed second in the 100-free and anchored the winning 4x100-free and medley relays. Finally, the greatest amateur basketball team ever assembled represented the U.S. and won easily. The 12-man roster included Oscar Robertson, Jerry West, Jerry Lucas, Walt Bellamy and Terry Dischinger–four of whom would become NBA Rookies of the Year from 1961-64.

source: http://www.olympic.org/rome-1960-summer-olympics